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Cienc. tecnol. salud ; 5(1): 7-15, 2018. ^c27 cmtab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-965169

ABSTRACT

Plantas nodrizas son aquellas especies vegetales útiles para la sobrevivencia y convivencia de otras especies. Abies guatemalensis Rehder (pinabete), es una especie endémica en peligro de extinción y para asegurar su sobrevivencia es necesario estudiar sus plantas nodrizas. Se colectaron seis especies de plantas nodrizas provenientes de bosque Los Cuervos, Ixchiguán, San Marcos, se secaron a la sombra en un horno, hasta obtener un porcentaje de humedad < 10%. Se obtuvieron extractos etanólicos por percolación y concentración empleando rotavapor; los aceites senciales fueron extraídos por hidrodestilación con Neoclevenger. Para los análisis de actividad biológica se realizaron ensayos contra bacterias, hongos, levaduras, larvas de insectos, nauplios de Artemia salina y actividad antioxidante. Los aceites esenciales presentaron un porcentaje de rendimiento < 0.3%. Cinco de los seis extractos etanólicos demostraron baja actividad antimicrobiana y larvicida (CIM: 1 mg/mL). Respecto a la actividad antioxidante por DPPH, Acaena elongata (CI50 de 0.21 [0.019, 0.23] mg/mL) y Rubus trilobus (CI50 0.32 [0.31, 0.33] mg/mL) presentaron los mejores resultados y Buddleja megalocephala (CI50 0.75 [0.72, 0.77] mg/mL) presentó actividad moderada. Estos hallazgos estimulan a continuar la investigación de plantas nodrizas para identificar las moléculas responsables de la actividad antioxidante y definir su posible aplicación como antioxidantes para la prevención o tratamiento de patologías humanas o para la preservación de alimentos o uso cosmético, permitiendo que las comunidades conserven y aprovechen de manera sostenible dichas especies.


Nurse plants are species useful for the survival and coexistence of other plants. Abies guatemalensis Rehder (fir) is an endemic species in danger of extinction and in order to ensure its survival, it is necessary to study their nurse plants. Six species of nurse plants were collected from Los Cuervos forest, Ixchiguán, San Marcos, they were dried in the shade and in an oven until a moisture content < 10% was obtained. Ethanol extracts were obtained by percolation followed by concentration in rotavapor; essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation with Neoclevenger. Assays for biological activity were established against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, insect larvae, nauplii of Artemia salina and antioxidant activity. The essential oils yields were < 0.3%. Extracts have little antimicrobial and larvicidal activity with a MIC 1 mg/mL of the ethanol extracts. The free radical trapping activity assay evaluated by DPPH, yielded good results: Acaena elongata (IC50 of 0.21 [0.019, 0.23] mg/mL) and Rubus trilobus (IC50 0.32 [0.31, 0.33] mg/mL) and moderate activity in Buddleja megalocephala (IC50 0.75 [0.72, 0.77] mg/mL). These findings stimulate research on nurse plants to identify the molecules responsible for the antioxidant activity and to define its possible application for the prevention or treatment of human pathologies or for the preservation of food or cosmetic use, allowing the communities to preserve and take advantage on a sustainable way.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Abies , Antioxidants/analysis , Oils , Endangered Species , Conservation of Natural Resources/economics
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